Whelping

What is Whelping?

Whelping, also known as birthing in common terms, is an essential part of canine reproduction. This is the process in which a pregnant dog, or 'bitch', gives birth to her puppies. A deep understanding of whelping can greatly benefit dog owners, breeders, and animal health professionals.

Stages of Whelping

Whelping can be divided into three distinct stages. Stage one is when the bitch starts having contractions and might show signs of restlessness and discomfort. Her body is preparing for the delivery of puppies. Stage two begins when the puppies start to be delivered, one at a time, in individual fluid-filled sacs. The interval between each delivery can vary, usually lasting from a few minutes up to an hour. Stage three involves the expulsion of the placenta. This usually occurs after each puppy delivery, though sometimes two puppies may share one placenta or one puppy might be followed by two placentas.

What is Normal in Whelping?

Understanding what is normal in whelping is key to ensure the health of the mother and puppies. Although it differs among breeds and individual dogs, delivery usually happens within 3-12 hours once contractions start. It is normal for the bitch to take breaks between deliveries. Newborn puppies should be active and should start nursing soon after birth. Knowing what is normal helps to identify when emergency veterinary intervention might be necessary.

When to Seek Veterinary Help

Whelping normally proceeds without complications. However, it's paramount to seek veterinary help if the bitch is in distress, has strong contractions for over an hour without delivering a puppy, if more than two hours pass between deliveries, or if she passes a green discharge before the first puppy is born. Puppies that do not nurse, are weak or unresponsive also need immediate veterinary attention.