Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis

What is Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis?

Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis, commonly referred to as IMPA, is an inflammatory condition that affects multiple joints in dogs. The term 'polyarthritis' refers to inflammation in more than one joint, and 'immune-mediated' signifies that the body's own immune system is causing the inflammation. This condition can happen independently or can be a secondary response to various diseases such as infections, cancers or metabolic disorders.

Causes of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis

The exact cause of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis is often unknown. However, it is believed to be a response by the dog's immune system to perceived threats, leading to an attack on the dog's own joint tissues. This can be triggered by various underlying health conditions such as infections, cancers or metabolic disorders, though in many cases, it occurs without any identifiable cause, and is then termed “idiopathic”.

Symptoms of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis

Dogs with Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis typically show signs of lameness, stiffness, joint swelling, and generalized discomfort. Other symptoms might include loss of appetite, weight loss, and lethargy. Symptoms can fluctuate, making the condition sometimes challenging to diagnose.

Treatment and Management of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis

Treatment of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis is focused on reducing the inflammation and controlling the body's immune response. This usually involves the use of medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. Long-term management may require changes to the dog’s lifestyle and diet to help reduce inflammation and maintain mobility. Regular monitoring by the vet is important to adjust treatment as necessary and to check for possible side effects of medication.

Prevention of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis

As the exact cause of Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis is often unknown, it's difficult to prevent. However, regular vet check-ups can help detect the condition early, potentially reducing the severity of the symptoms and improving the overall prognosis.