Reinforcement sensitivity theory

Introduction to Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

When diving into the world of Canine Science, one theory that often comes up is the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory - RST. This is a theoretical framework which helps us understand canine behaviour, and more specifically, the responses of dogs in various circumstances.

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explained

First and precisely, the term Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory refers to a model that was designed to explain differences in individual's reactions to rewarding or punishing stimuli. It's a psychological theory that connects neurobiology with behavioural response patterns. For instance, it seeks to provide answers to why dogs react differently to certain stimuli, such as reward-based training procedures or disciplinary actions.

Three Key Systems of RST

The RST bases its principles on three key neurological systems which dictate canine behavior. These systems are: the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) and the Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS). The BIS regulates aversive motivations; it will trigger behavioural caution when a dog senses potential punishment. The BAS is driven by appetitive motivations, resulting in approach behaviours towards rewards. Lastly, the FFFS handles responses to immediate threats, resulting in a fight, flight or freeze response.

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in Canine Training

Understanding the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory can be an invaluable asset when training dogs. By understanding how a dog's neurological systems function, trainers can effectively manipulate behavioural responses by tailoring their training to either stimulate the BIS, BAS or FFFS. In essence, RST gives a scientific framework that dog trainers can use to optimise training and address behavioural issues more effectively.

RST and Your Dog

The principles of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory also have everyday implications for dog owners. The way that a dog's systems respond to stimuli can shape the way it interacts with its environment. By using knowledge of RST, owners can understand the root causes of certain behaviours, which can assist in managing behaviour and strengthening the bond between owner and dog.